Прямая ссылка на материал:
http://www.jurology.com/article/S0022-5347(16)00624-8/pdf
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Professional male
bodybuilders use high-dose testosterone and other performance
enhancing drugs to improve athletic performance. These anabolic
agents are potentially associated with negative sequelae including
hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular effects, and possible liver damage. We
sought to determine if the use of high-dose testosterone and other
performance enhancing drugs could be linked to a higher mortality rate
when compared to the general population.
METHODS: An initial cohort of all 1,578 professional male
bodybuilders who competed between 1948-2014 was identified, and
complete mortality data were obtained for 597. This cohort was identi-
fied via competition listings and bodybuilding websites. Proof of life or
death was compiled using data from public records, competition listings,
bodybuilding websites, and social media venues. Mortality rates among
bodybuilders were compared with CDC mortality rates for an agematched
male population.
RESULTS: The mean age within the study cohort was 47.5
years (range 25.0-81.7) and mean age during competitive years was
24.6 years (range 18-47). Of the 597 bodybuilders with mortality data,
58 (9.7%) were reported dead and 539 living. Only 40 deaths were
expected in this population based on age-matched data, yielding a
standardized mortality rate (95% confidence interval) of 1.34 (1.10-1.88)
for these competitors, which is higher than in the general population.
The mean age of death was 47.7 years (range 26.6-75.4), and no
significant difference in mortality rates was observed above the age of
50 (Figure 1).
CONCLUSIONS: Mortality rates of bodybuilders within the
cohort were 34% higher than those in an age-matched general U.S.
male population. The cause of this increased mortality is currently unclear,
but supports the possibility that the use of performance enhancing
drugs and the unique competitive training (e.g. extreme weight changes) may contribute to deaths among younger professional
bodybuilders. Current work is focused on determining cause of death by
linkage to the National Death Index.